Summary

In conclusion, this module has provided a comprehensive exploration of populism’s impact on Europe’s democracies before delving into examining the challenges populism poses to democratic systems. In order to counter populism, this module discussed strategies which are based on community building, communication and knowledge. This was followed by the provision of strategies for resisting populist rhetoric and actions and the suggestion of strategies and key elements for developing a new positive narrative. In conclusion, developing a new positive narrative for populism requires a shift away from divisive and polarising rhetoric, and towards a message of inclusion and shared values.